[eluser]bAum[/eluser]
It appears that the important part of my example got screwed up, let me repeat.
The url should read as follows (without the spaces in the last segment):
example.com/index.php?/editor/edit/en/11/content/ T e x t _ % 2 8 English % 2 9
And because "% 2 8" evaluates to "(", the "(" is the reason why the url fails the permitted_uri_chars test, not the percent sign.