localize databases with working searching and ordering?

I tried something like this. All predefined standard colors would get translated, user defined ones in the language what they used during naming.
Then I could use translated_name as search and order column and everything would work like expected. Unfortunatelly, when I add this function, my closure function does not find the translated_name column.

PHP Code:

  /**
    * Get localized color names
    *
    * @return object result with additional localized name column
    */
    public function withLocalizedNames() {
        $this->builder()->select('
            CASE
                WHEN name = "Colors.black"  THEN "' . lang('Colors.black') . '"
                WHEN name = "Colors.blue"   THEN "' . lang('Colors.blue') . '"
                WHEN name = "Colors.green"  THEN "' . lang('Colors.green') . '"
                ELSE name
            END AS translated_name', false);
        return $this;
    } 


PHP Code:

$data['colors'] = $this->model
            ->select()
            ->withLocalizedNames()
            ->when($data['search'] !== '', function ($query) use ($data) {
                return $query
                    ->like('color', $data['search'], 'both')
                    ->orLike('color2', $data['search'], 'both')
                    ->orLike('translated_name', $data['search'], 'both');
            })
            ->orderBy($data['sortColumn'], $data['sortDirection']); 


Edit:

Well, the solution above works pretty good for correct order, since I can order by column translated_name. The problem I am facing now is the logical SQL execution order.
WHERE is executed before SELECT, thus the column translated_name does not exist when WHERE is compared.

Any SQL gurus around that can rewrite this query? Runtime add a column with translated values that I can compare in WHERE clause?

Code:

SELECT *, CASE
    -> WHEN name = "Colors.black" THEN "schwarz"
    -> WHEN name = "Colors.blue" THEN "blau"
    -> WHEN name = "Colors.green" THEN "grün"
    -> ELSE name END AS translated_name FROM `colors` WHERE `translated_name` LIKE '%schwarz%';